Jul 27, 2008

New Thermoelectric Material

ဓာတ္ေငြ႕ ရဲ႕ စြမ္းေဆာင္ရည္ကို ဆန္႕ထုတ္ေပးႏိုင္မဲ႕ ပစၥည္းသစ္
ခ်ီကာဂို (႐ိုက္တာ)
အပူစြမ္းအင္ကေန လွ်ပ္စစ္ စြမ္းအင္ကို ေျပာင္းေပးႏိုင္တဲ႕ စြမ္းေဆာင္ရည္ ျမင္႕မားတဲ႕ ပစၥည္းသစ္တစ္မ်ိဳးက တေန႕ေန႕ တခ်ိန္ခ်ိန္မွာ ဓာတ္ေငြ႕ တစ္ဂါလံ အသံုးျပဳမႈရဲ႕ စြမ္းရည္ အျမင္႕ဆံုး ရ႐ွီႏိုင္ေစဖို႕ အေထာက္အကူ ျပဳလာလိမ္႕မယ္ လို႕ အေမရိကန္ ႏိုင္ငံက သုေတသီေတြက ၾကာသပေတးေန႕မွာ ေျပာၾကားလိုက္တယ္။ ယာဥ္ေ႐ြ႕လ်ားႏိုင္ဖို႕နဲ႕ ေရဒီယိုလို၊ ေရသုတ္တံလို ကိရိယာေတြ အတြက္ ပံုေသ ဓာတ္ဆီနဲ႕ ေမာင္းႏွင္တဲ႕ အင္ဂ်င္ တစ္လံုးက ထုတ္ေပးႏိုင္တဲ႕ စြမ္းအင္ရဲ႕ 25 ရာႏံႈးေလာက္ကိုပဲ အသံုးျပဳတယ္လို႕ ဆိုပါတယ္။ က်န္တဲ႕ စြမ္းအင္ အမ်ားအျပားကေတာ႕ အိပ္ေဇာပိုက္ကေန ဆံုး႐ံႈး ကုန္တယ္လို႕ ေျပာပါတယ္။

လက္႐ွိ သံုးေနတဲ႕ ပစၥည္းထက္ ေကာင္းတဲ႕ အပူကေန လွ်ပ္စစ္ေျပာင္း ကိရိယာနဲ႕ဆိုရင္ ဒီဆံုး႐ံႈးသြားတဲ႕ စြမ္းအင္ အခ်ိဳ႕ အ၀က္ကို ျပန္လည္ သံုးစြဲႏိုင္မယ္လို႕ ပါဆာဒီးနားက ကားလ္တက္နဲ႕ ကိုလံဘတ္စ္မွာ႐ွိတဲ႕ အိုဟိုင္းယိုးတကၠသိုလ္က သုေတသီေတြက တြက္ဆၾကပါတယ္။

ဒီပစၥည္းက အလုပ္ေတြ အားလံုး လုပ္ႏိုင္တယ္ဗ်။ ေရေႏြးေငြ႕ အင္ဂ်င္၊ ဓာတ္ေငြ႕နဲ႕ ဒီဇယ္ အင္ဂ်င္ ေတြလို သမား႐ိုးက် အင္ဂ်င္ေတြလိုပဲ သူက လွ်ပ္စစ္ စြမ္းအင္ ထုတ္ေပးႏိုင္တယ္။ လွ်ပ္စစ္ ဂ်င္နေရတာေတြဆီကို ေျပာင္းေပးရာ မွာေတာ႕ သူက ေရေႏြးေငြ႕နဲ႕ ဓာတ္ေငြ႕ေတြေနရာမွာ အီလက္ထ႐ြန္ေတြကို အစားထိုး အသံုးျပဳတယ္။ ၿပီးတာနဲ႕ လွ်ပ္စစ္စြမ္းအင္ တိုက္႐ိုက္ ထုတ္ေပးတာပဲ လို႕ ပေရာဂ်က္ ေခါင္းေဆာင္ ဂ်ိဳးဇက္ ဟာရီမန္စ္က ေျပာတယ္လို႕ ေၾကညာခ်က္မွာ ေဖာ္ျပတယ္။

ဒီပေရာဂ်က္မွာ ပါ၀င္ ေဆာင္႐ြက္တဲ႕ ကားလ္တက္ က ဂ်က္ဖ္ ဆႏိုက္ဒါ ကလည္း အပူကေန လွ်ပ္စစ္စြမ္းအင္ ေျပာင္းတဲ႕ ဒီ ကိရိယာဟာ ေမာ္ေတာ္ယာဥ္ရဲ႕ ေလာင္စာ စြမ္းေဆာင္ရည္ကို 10 ရာခိုင္ႏံႈးအထိ တိုးလာေစတယ္လို႕ ဆိုပါတယ္။ နာဆာရဲ႕ ဂ်က္အင္ဂ်င္ လည္ပတ္စနစ္ သုေတသန လုပ္ငန္းမွာ အေစာပိုင္း ကတည္းက အလားတူ ပစၥည္းမ်ိဳး ထုတ္ဖို႕ စိုင္းျပင္းခဲ႕တဲ႕ ဆႏုိက္ဒါ ကတည္း ေျပာပါတယ္။ ခုလိုမ်ိဳး ပစၥည္း ထုတ္ဖို႕ အႀကံအစဥ္ ႐ွိေနခဲ႕တာ ၾကာပါၿပီ။ ဒါေပမဲ႕ ေရနံ တစ္စည္ ေဒၚလာ 20 ေလာက္ ျဖစ္ေနစဥ္က ဒီ အႀကံအစဥ္ကို ဘယ္သူမွ စိတ္၀င္တစား မ႐ွိၾကပါဘူး လို႕ ဆိုပါတယ္။

ခု စြမ္းအင္ေစ်းက ငါးဆေလာက္ ခုန္တက္သြားတဲ႕ခါက်မွ ေစာေစာက ႐ွိႏွင္႕ေနတဲ႕ ခုလို အစားထိုး နည္းပညာဟာ ပိုၿပီး အသံုးတည္႕လာတဲ႕ သေဘာပါပဲ လို႕ ဆႏိုက္ဒါက သူနဲ႕ တယ္လီဖုန္း အင္တာဗ်ဴးမွာ ေျပာျပပါတယ္။ ဒီစနစ္ကို ေနာက္ 5 ႏွစ္ကေန 10 ႏွစ္အတြင္း လက္ေတြ႕ အသံုးျပဳလာႏိုင္လိမ္႕မယ္လို႕ သူက ယံုၾကည္ေနပါတယ္။ တကယ္ လက္ေတြ႕ သံုးစြဲလာႏိုင္မႈက ဒီစနစ္ ထုတ္လုပ္မႈ ကုန္က်စရိတ္နဲ႕ စြမ္းအင္ေစ်းကြက္ အေပၚမွာ မူတည္ပါလိမ္႕မယ္။ အေရအတြက္ အေျမာက္အျမား ထုတ္လုပ္ႏိုင္မယ္ ဆိုရင္ေတာ႕ ဒီစံနစ္ကို အေမရိကန္ 10 ေဒၚလာ သို႕မဟုတ္ ဒီထက္ နည္းတဲ႕ ေစ်းႏံႈးနဲ႕ ထုတ္လုပ္ ေပးႏိုင္ပါလိမ္႕မယ္လို႕ သူက ဆက္ေျပာပါတယ္။

အပူကေန လွ်ပ္စစ္ ေျပာင္းေပးႏိုင္တဲ႕ လက္႐ွိ ေစ်းကြက္မွာ သံုးေနတဲ႕ စြမ္းရည္ အျမင္႕ဆံုး ကိရိယာက Rating 0.71 ႐ွိိတဲ႕ Sodium-doped lead telluride ေခၚတဲ႕ သတၱဳစပ္ တစ္မိ်ဳးပါ။ Lead Telluride ကို Thallium နည္းနည္း ထပ္ေပါင္း ထည္႕ႏိုင္မယ္ဆိုရင္ Rating ကို 1.5 အထိ ႏွစ္ဆ တိုးႏိုင္ပါလိမ္႕မယ္။ စမ္းသပ္မႈေတြ အရ အင္ဂ်င္ေတြမွာ တပ္ဆင္ အသံုးျပဳဖို႕ အသင္႕ေတာ္ဆံုး ျဖစ္ပါလိမ္႕မယ္။ ဒီကိရိယာ အသစ္က 450 ဒီဂရီ ဖာရင္ဟိုက္ (230 ဒီဂရီ ဆဲလ္စိယပ္စ္) ခန္႕မွာ လက္႐ွိ ကိရိယာေတြနဲ႕ စြမ္းရည္တူ အပူမွ လွ်ပ္စစ္ကို ေျပာင္းေပးႏိုင္တာ ေတြ႕႐ွိရပါတယ္။ အပူခ်ိန္ ပိုမို ျမင္႕မားမယ္ဆိုရင္ စြမ္းေဆာင္ရည္ ပိုမို ျမင္႕မားတယ္။ 950 ဒီဂရီ ဖာရင္ဟိုက္ (500 ဒီဂရီ ဆဲလ္စိယပ္စ္)မွာ သူ႕ရဲ႕ အျမင္႕ဆံုး Rating 1.5 ထိ႐ွိပါတယ္။ ပံုမွန္ေမာ္ေတာ္ကား အင္ဂ်င္လို စြမ္းအင္ စနစ္ေတြရဲ႕ အပူခ်ိန္သည္လည္း ဒီဂရီ ဖာရင္ဟိုက္ 450 နဲ႕ 950 ၾကားပါပဲ လို႕ ဟာရီမန္စ္ က ေျပာပါတယ္။

သုေတသီေတြက မူပိုင္ခြင္႕ ေလွ်ာက္ထားၿပီး ဒီပစၥည္းကို မြမ္းမံ ေနၾကဆဲ ျဖစ္ပါတယ္။ ထပ္မံ ႐ွာေဖြေတြ႕ရွိမႈေတြနဲ႕ လက္ရွိ ေတြ႕ရွိမႈေတြ ေပါင္းစပ္ၿပီး ဒီပစၥည္းရဲ႕ စြမး္ေဆာင္ရည္ကို ပိုမို ျမွင္႕တင္ ထုတ္လုပ္ႏိုင္မယ္လို႕ ယံုၾကည္ ေနၾကတယ္။ ဆႏိုက္ဒါက Thallium ျဒပ္စင္ဟာ အရမ္းကို အဆိပ္အေတာက္ ျပင္းတဲ႕ အတြက္ ဒီပစၥည္းကို တပ္ဆင္ထားတဲ႕ အပူကေန လွ်ပ္စစ္ေျပာင္း ကိရိယာကို ထုတ္လုပ္မယ္ဆိုရင္ ေသခ်ာစြာထုပ္ပိုးဖို႕ လိုပါလိမ္႕မယ္။ ဒါေပမဲ႕ ဒီကိရိယာေတြဟာ ျပန္လည္ သံုးစြဲႏိုင္ပါလိမ္႕မယ္လို႕ဆိုပါတယ္။ စြမ္းရည္တူ လုပ္ေဆာင္ႏိုင္တဲ႕ အဆိပ္အေတာက္ မရွိတဲ႕ အပူကေန လွ်ပ္စစ္ ထုတ္ႏိုင္တဲ႕ တျခား စနစ္္မ်ိဳး ထပ္မံ ရွာေတြ႕ ႏုိင္ပါေသးတယ္လို႕ လည္း သူက ေျပာျပပါတယ္။

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